Surface Modification of ZrO2 Nanoparticles with Biosafe Coupling Agents, Preparation of Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Nanocomposites: Optical, Thermal, and Morphological Studies

Abstract

In this study, a series of green and environmental friendly nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), citric acid, vitamin C, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) as biosafe and biocompatible agents. To develop dispersion and interfacial compatibility of ZrO₂ NPs with PVP matrix, at first the surface of NPs was modified with citric acid and vitamin C. Then, the novel NCs were fabricated by adding various amounts of modified ZrO₂ NPs in the PVP matrix. All of the steps were performed with ultrasonic irradiation as a safe method. The obtained NCs were investigated by different techniques. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated interactions between the NPs and modifier agents. Thermogravimetric analysis results illustrated that the thermal stability of NC 7 wt% in comparison to the pure polymer was enhanced. The surface topography and morphology of the NCs were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The results showed that the nanofiller were homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix. Finally, the incorporation of the modified ZrO₂ NPs influenced the UV–Vis absorption of the pure PVP.